Gallus Jacob Baumgartner

Gallus Jacob Baumgartner
Gallus Jacob Baumgartner
    Gallus Jacob Baumgartner
     Catholic_Encyclopedia Gallus Jacob Baumgartner
    A Swiss statesman, b. 18 October, 1797, at Altstätten, Switzerland; d. 12 July, 1869, at St. Gallen. After attending the gymnasium at St. Gallen he studied law at Fribourg, Switzerland, and at Vienna. From 1817 to 1819 he was a tutor in Hungary. Returning to Vienna in 1819, he was arrested there after the murder of Kotzebue by Sand on the false suspicion of belonging to a Swiss political society and was expelled form the city in 1820. He began his political career as keeper of the archives of his native canton, St. Gallen. This position gave him the opportunity of learning the topography, history, laws, and legal relations of the canton. In 1822 he was made official secretary; in 1825 he became a member of the great council of the canton and was appointed chancellor.
    On account of his knowledge of business he was selected, in 1831, for the position of Landammann, or chief magistrate of the canton, and held the office until 1846. During his administration he bent all his energies to making a closely united republic out of the loosely connected cantons, and to improving the Swiss roads and water-ways. Appointed a delegate, at this time, to the diet at Lucerne he endeavoured at the diet to bring about a reorganization of the confederation. He wished to create a vigorous, organically united republic similar to that of the United States, retaining at the same time a large amount of independence for the individual cantons. Baumgartner's chief opponents in carrying out this project were the Catholic clergy, for he aimed to separate the Church entirely from Rome and to place it under the control of the State. He was largely influenced by "Josephinism" and by the ideas of Wessenberg.
    In 1832, at his suggestion, the Bishopric of Chur was dissolved. In 1834, at the so-called Assembly of Baden, he gave expression to his views in the motions he introduced. These were, that ecclesiastical administration of law be placed under the control of the State, that he should have direction of the education of the clergy, that the ecclesiastical right of patronage should be limited and that the privileges of the religious orders should be revoked. When his political friends in 1841 dissolved the monastic houses of Aargau by force, plundered them, and drove their inmates away, he saw to what his Church policy would lead. Soon after this he changed his opinions and came over to the side of his former opponents. On this account he had to retire from his position as Landammann. In 1845 he again entered the diet as representative of the Catholic Peoples' party, but after two years was forced out by the victory of the Liberals. He now urged the views of the Catholic Church in the press and in popular assemblies. He was once more a member of the Swiss federal assembly, 1857-60, and became again Landammann but was overthrown in 1864.
    The present political organization, well-ordered administration, and material prosperity of the canton of St. Gallen are due to Baumgartner's public labours; the Catholic Church owes to him especially the founding of the Bishopric of St. Gallen. Besides all this he prepared the way for the later development of Switzerland in the outline of a new constitution for the confederation which he drew up. After his defeat in 1864, Baumgartner withdrew altogether from public life and devoted himself to the study of the history of his native canton. The results of his researches appeared in two works issued by him: "Die Schweiz in ihren Kämpfen und Umgestaltungen von 1830-1850" (4 vols, Zurich, 1853, 1866), and "Geschichte des schweizerischen Freistaats und Kantons St. Gallen" (2 vols., Zurich, 1868). A third volume of the history was prepared by his son, Alexander, from the papers Baumgartner left at his death, and issued at Einsideln in 1890. A biography of Baumgartner giving full detail of his life has been published by his son under the title: "Gallus Jakob Baumgartner und die neuere Staatssentwicklung der Schweiz" (Freiburg, Baden, 1892).
    Heindle, Repertorium der Padagogik, I, 34.
    PATRICIUS SCHLAGER
    Transcribed by Susan Birkenseer

The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume VIII. — New York: Robert Appleton Company. . 1910.


Catholic encyclopedia.

Игры ⚽ Поможем решить контрольную работу

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Gallus Jacob Baumgartner — born 18 October, 1797, in Altstätten, Switzerland and died 12 July, 1869, at St. Gall) was a Swiss statesman and prominent federalist. After attending the Gymnasium in St. Gall he studied law at Fribourg, Switzerland, and in Vienna. From 1817 to… …   Wikipedia

  • Baumgartner, Gallus Jacob — • A Swiss statesman, b. 18 October, 1797, at Altstätten, Switzerland; d. 12 July, 1869, at St. Gallen Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006 …   Catholic encyclopedia

  • Alexander Baumgartner — (b. in St. Gall, Switzerland, 27 June, 1841; d. Luxembourg, 5 Sept., 1910) was a poet and writer on the history of literature. His father was Gallus Jacob Baumgartner, a prominent statesman. At the abbey school of Maria Einsiedeln in Switzerland …   Wikipedia

  • Altstätten (SG) — Altstätten Basisdaten Kanton: St. Gallen Wahlkreis: Wahlkreis Rheintal …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Altstätten SG — Altstätten Basisdaten Kanton: St. Gallen Wahlkreis: Wahlkreis Rheintal …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Altstätten — Basisdaten Staat: Schweiz Kanton …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Historiografía de Suiza — Un ejemplar original del Tschachtlanchronik La historiografía de Suiza es el estudio de la historia de Suiza. Comenzó en el Siglo XV con una serie de crónicas ilustradas que reconstruían la historia de la fundación de la Confederación como una… …   Wikipedia Español

  • Historiographie de la Suisse — Un exemplaire original de la Tschachtlanchronik L historiographie de la Suisse, soit l étude de l histoire de la Suisse, débute au XVe siècle avec une série de chroniques illustrées retraçant l histoire de la fondation de la Confédéra …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Persönlichkeiten Wittenberg — Hier sind alle Persönlichkeiten der Lutherstadt Wittenberg erfasst, deren Wirken eng mit der Lutherstadt und der Universität Wittenberg verbunden ist. Dies berührt ausschließlich Persönlichkeiten, bei denen der Bezug zu Wittenberg im Lebenslauf… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Liste Wittenberger Persönlichkeiten — Hier sind alle Persönlichkeiten der Lutherstadt Wittenberg erfasst, deren Wirken eng mit der Lutherstadt und der Universität Wittenberg verbunden ist. Dies berührt ausschließlich Persönlichkeiten, bei denen der Bezug zu Wittenberg im Lebenslauf… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”