Advocates of Roman Congregations

Advocates of Roman Congregations
Advocates of Roman Congregations
Persons, ecclesiastical or lay, versed in canon and civil law, who plead causes before the ecclesiastical tribunals in Rome

Catholic Encyclopedia. . 2006.

Advocates of Roman Congregations
    Advocates of Roman Congregations
     Catholic_Encyclopedia Advocates of Roman Congregations
    Advocates of Roman Congregations are persons, ecclesiastical or lay, versed in canon and civil law, who plead causes before the ecclesiastical tribunals in Rome. The learning required of these advocates is exceptional and profound. Besides a thorough acquaintance with jurisprudence, both canonical and civil, they must also be versed in moral and dogmatic Theology, and in sacred and profane history. Frequent references to the councils and canons of the Church and to the decrees of the Sovereign Pontiffs oblige them to acquire a deep and varied erudition which embraces various languages, ancient and modern. In several ways the advocate of the Roman Court differs from the ordinary legal pleader. In the first place, it is not his duty to establish the facts in a given case. That is the business of another official called the procurator. The advocate assumes the facts delivered to him by the procurator to be true, and on them he builds his legal argument. Dealing as he does directly with points of law and not with the question of establishing facts, he is freed from the temptation of suborning false witnesses or distorting testimony. Again, a Roman advocate pleads always before learned judges. He cannot, therefore, appeal to the passions or indulge in theatrical displays of eloquence, as if he had to deal with a jury. His language is expected to be sober and refined, clear and precise. Having stated plainly the facts in the case, he is required to state equally plainly the laws on which the decision depends. Very frequently the advocate's plea is made in writing. The recompense of a Roman advocate is a fixed sum, which is to be paid by the client whether the case be gained or lost. There is no temptation, therefore, to proceed to questionable means to obtain a favorable verdict. Moreover, the consistorial advocates are pledged to defend the poor free of charge in case of need. A Pious Society of Advocates exists at Rome whose officers divide the cases of the poor among the members. Consistorial advocates proper were originally only seven in number, forming the Consistorial College. Sixtus IV added five more (called juniors), and this number of twelve was definitely fixed by Benedict XIV in 1744. The other advocates are called titular or simple advocates.
    HUMPHREY. Urbs et Orbis (London. 1899); FERRARIS, Prompta Bibl. Can., art. Adv. Consist. (Rome, 1885); BAART, The Roman Court (New York, 1895); WERNZ, Jus Decretalium (Rome, 1899).
    WILLIAM H.W. FANNING

The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume VIII. — New York: Robert Appleton Company. . 1910.


Catholic encyclopedia.

Игры ⚽ Поможем решить контрольную работу

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Advocates of Roman Congregations — are persons, ecclesiastical or lay, versed in canon and civil law, who plead causes before Roman Catholic ecclesiastical tribunals in the Roman Curia. Nature and functioning The learning required of these advocates is exceptional and profound.… …   Wikipedia

  • The Roman Congregations —     The Roman Congregations     † Catholic Encyclopedia ► The Roman Congregations     Certain departments have been organized by the Holy See at various times to assist it in the transaction of those affairs which canonical discipline and the… …   Catholic encyclopedia

  • Roman Catholicism — the faith, practice, and system of government of the Roman Catholic Church. [1815 25] * * * Largest single Christian denomination in the world, with some one billion members, or about 18% of the world s population. The Roman Catholic church has… …   Universalium

  • Roman Curia — This article is part of a series on the Roman Curia Dicastery Apostolic Constitution Pastor Bonus Secretariat of State …   Wikipedia

  • Roman Rota — This article is part of a series on the Roman Curia Dicastery Apostolic Constitution Pastor Bonus Secretariat of State …   Wikipedia

  • Criticism of the Roman Catholic Church — subsumes critical observations made about the current or historical Roman Catholic Church, in its actions, teachings, omissions, structure, or nature; theological disagreements would be covered on a denominational basis. Criticisms may regard the …   Wikipedia

  • United Kingdom — a kingdom in NW Europe, consisting of Great Britain and Northern Ireland: formerly comprising Great Britain and Ireland 1801 1922. 58,610,182; 94,242 sq. mi. (244,100 sq. km). Cap.: London. Abbr.: U.K. Official name, United Kingdom of Great… …   Universalium

  • Papal Consistory —     Papal Consistory     † Catholic Encyclopedia ► Papal Consistory     I. DEFINITION     During the Roman imperial epoch the term consistorium (Lat. con sistere, to stand together) was used to designate the sacred council of the emperors. In… …   Catholic encyclopedia

  • Order of Preachers —     Order of Preachers     † Catholic Encyclopedia ► Order of Preachers     As the Order of the Friars Preachers is the principal part of the entire Order of St. Dominic, we shall include under this title the two other parts of the order: the… …   Catholic encyclopedia

  • Ecclesiastical Courts —     Ecclesiastical Courts     † Catholic Encyclopedia ► Ecclesiastical Courts     I. JUDICIAL POWER IN THE CHURCH     In instituting the Church as a perfect society, distinct from the civil power and entirely independent of it, Christ gave her… …   Catholic encyclopedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”