Rochester, Ancient See of

Rochester, Ancient See of
Rochester, Ancient See of
The oldest and smallest of all the suffragan sees of Canterbury, was founded by St. Augustine, Apostle of England, who in 604 consecrated St. Justus as its first bishop

Catholic Encyclopedia. . 2006.

Rochester, Ancient See of
    Ancient See of Rochester
     Catholic_Encyclopedia Ancient See of Rochester
    (ROFFA; ROFFENSIS).
    The oldest and smallest of all the suffragan sees of Canterbury, was founded by St. Augustine, Apostle of England, who in 604 consecrated St. Justus as its first bishop. It consisted roughly of the western part of Kent, separated from the rest of the county by the Medway, though the diocesan boundaries did not follow the river very closely. The cathedral, founded by King Ethelbert and dedicated to St. Andrew from whose monastery at Rome St. Augustine and St. Justus had come, was served by a college of secular priests and endowed with land near the city called Priestfield. It suffered much from the Mercians (676) and the Danes, but the city retained its importance, and after the Norman Conquest a new cathedral was begun by the Norman bishop Gundulf. This energetic prelate replaced the secular chaplains by Benedictine monks, translated the Relics of St. Paulinus to a silver shrine which became a place of pilgrimage, obtained several royal grants of land, and proved an untiring benefactor to his cathedral city. Gundulf had built the nave and western front before his death; the western transept was added between 1179 and 1200, and the eastern transept during the reign of Henry III. The cathedral is small, being only 306 feet long, but its nave is the oldest in England and it has a fine Norman crypt. Besides the shrine of St. Paulinus, the cathedral contained the Relics of St. Ithamar, the first Saxon to be consecrated to the episcopate, and St. William of Perth, who was held in popular veneration. In 1130 the cathedral was consecrated by the Archbishop of Canterbury assisted by thirteen bishops in the presence of Henry I, but the occasion was marred by a great fire which nearly destroyed the whole city and damaged the new cathedral. After the burial of St. William of Perth in 1201 the offerings at his tomb were so great, that by their means the choir was rebuilt and the central tower was added (1343), thus completing the cathedral. From the foundation of the see the arthbishops of Canterbury had enjoyed the privilege of nominating the bishop, but Archbishop Theobald transferred the right to the Benedictine monks of the cathedral who exercised it for the first time in 1148.
    The following is the list of bishops with the date of their accession; but the succession from Tatnoth (844) to Siward (1058) is obscure, and may be modified by fresh research:
    St. Justus, 604
    Romanus, 624
    Vacancy, 625
    St. Paulinus, 633
    St. Ithamar, 644
    Damianus, 655
    Vacancy, 664
    Putta, 666-9
    Cwichelm, 676
    Gebmund, 678
    Tobias, 693-706
    Ealdwulf, 727
    Dunno, 741
    Eardwulf, 747
    Deora, 765-72
    Wærmund I, 781-5
    Beornmod, 803-5
    Tatnoth, 844
    Beadunoth (possibly identical with Wærmund II)
    Wærmund II, 845-62
    Cuthwulf, 860- 8
    Swithwulf (date unknown)
    Ceolmund, 897-904
    Cynefrith (date unknown)
    Burbric, 933 or 934
    Beorhtsige (doubtful name)
    Daniel, 951-5
    Aelfstan, c. 964
    Godwine I, 995
    Godwine II (date unknown)
    Siweard, 1058
    Arnost, 1076
    Gundulf, 1077
    Radulphus d'Escures, 1108
    Ernulf, 1115
    John of Canterbury, 1125
    John of Sées, 1137
    Ascelin, 1142
    Walter, 1148
    Gualeran, 1182
    Gilbert de Glanvill, 1185
    Benedict de Sansetun, 1215
    Henry Sandford, 1226
    Richard de Wendover, 1235 (consecrated, 1238)
    Lawrence de St. Martin, 1251
    Walter de Merton, 1274
    John de Bradfield, 1277
    Thomas Inglethorp, 1283
    Thomas de Wouldham, 1292
    Vacancy, 1317
    Hamo de Hythe, 1319
    John de Sheppey, 1352
    William of Whittlesea, 1362
    Thomas Trilleck, 1384
    Thomas Brunton, 1373
    William de Bottisham, 1389
    John de Bottisham, 1400
    Richard Young, 1404
    John Kemp, 1419 (afterwards Cardinal)
    John Langdon, 1421
    Thomas Brown, 1435
    William Wells, 1437
    John Lowe, 1444
    Thomas Rotheram (or Scott), 1468
    John Alcock, 1472
    John Russell, 1476
    Edmund Audley, 1480
    Thomas Savage, 1492
    Richard Fitz James, 1496
    Bl. John Fisher, 1504 (Cardinal)
    Schismatical bishops:
    John Hilsey, 1535
    Richard Heath, 1539
    Henry Holbeach, 1543
    Nicholas Ridley, 1547
    John Poynet, 1550
    John Scory, 1551
    Vacancy, 1552
    The canonical line was restored by the appointment in 1554 of Maurice Griffith, the last Catholic bishop of Rochester, who died in 1558. The diocese was so small, consisting merely of part of Kent, that it needed only one archdeacon (Rochester) to supervise the 97 parishes. It was also the poorest diocese in England. The cathedral was dedicated to St. Andrew the Apostle. The arms of the see were argent, on a saltire gules an Escalop shell, or.
    SHRUBSOLE AND DENNE, History and Antiquities of Rochester (London, 1772); Wharton, Anglia Sacra (London, 1691) pt. i, includes annals by DE HADENHAM (604-1307) and DE DENE (1314-50); PEARMAN, Rochester: Diocesan History (London, 1897); PALMER, Rochester: The Cathedral and See (London, 1897); HOPE, Architectural History of Cathedral in Kent Arch*logical Society, XXIII, XXIV (1898- 1900); ERNULPHUS, Textus Roffensis, ed. HEARNE (London, 1720), reprinted in P. L. CLXIII; PEGGE, Account of Textus Roffensis (London, 1784) in NICHOLS, Bib. Topog. Brit., (London, 1790); J. Thorpe, Registrum Roffense (London, 1769); J. THORPE, JR., Custumale Roffense (London, 1988); WINKLE, Cathedral Churches of England and Wales (London, 1860); FAIRBANKS, Cathedrals of England and Wales (London, 1907); GODWIN, De pr*sulibus Angli* (London, 1743); GAMS, Series Episcoporum (Ratisbon, 1873); SEARLE, Anglo-Saxon Bishops, Kings and Nobles (Cambridge, 1899).
    EDWIN BURTON
    Transcribed by WGKofron

The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume VIII. — New York: Robert Appleton Company. . 1910.


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