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101Introduction — Germany, during the years between 1933 and 1945, was a state organized around the principle of race. Rudolph Hess, Hitler’s confidant, was not being facetious when he defined National Socialism as applied biology. To the Nazis, paraphrasing… …
102RUSSIA — RUSSIA, former empire in Eastern Europe; from 1918 the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (R.S.F.S.R.), from 1923 the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.); from 1990 the Russian Federation. Until 1772 ORIGINS The penetration… …
103UNITED NATIONS (UN) — UNITED NATIONS (UN), a worldwide organization of states established in 1945, in the wake of World War II, with a view, primarily, to maintain international peace and security and also bring about cooperation among nations in the economic, social …
104Roman Republic — See also: Roman Republic (18th century) and Roman Republic (19th century) Roman Republic Official name (as on coins): Roma after ca. 100 BC: Senatus PopulusQue Romanus ( The Senate and People of Rome ) …
105Refugee — According to the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, a refugee is a person who owing to a well founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political… …
106German hip hop — The term German Hip Hop denotes hip hop music produced in Germany. Elements of American hip hop culture, such as graffiti art and breakdancing, diffused into Western Europe in the early 1980s. The first German hip hop artists emerged in the mid… …
107Jewish exodus from Arab lands — The Jewish exodus from Arab lands refers to the 20th century expulsion or mass departure of Jews, primarily of Sephardi and Mizrahi background, from Arab and Islamic countries. The migration started in the late 19th century, but accelerated after …
108Captain Underpants — The first Captain Underpants book. Captain Underpants by Dav Pilkey is a series of American children s books about two fourth graders, George Beard and Harold Hutchins, and the aptly named superhero they accidentally create by hypnotizing their… …
109Voluntaryism — is a philosophy that opposes anything that it sees as unjustifiably invasive and coercive. Voluntaryism regards government as coercive, and calls for its abolishment, but, unlike a number of other anarchist philosophies, it supports strong… …
110Bat Ye'or — ( he. בת יאור, meaning daughter of the Nile ); a pseudonym of Gisèle Littman, née Orebi, is an Egypt born British historian specializing in the history of non Muslims in the Middle East, and in particular the history of Christian and Jewish… …
