Zionists

Zionists
Zionists: • Followers of the movement to segregate the Jewish people as a nation
Zionists:     Zionists

    ^{† Catholic_Encyclopedia ► Zionists}

    Zionists are followers of the movement to segregate the Jewish people as a nation and to give it a national home either in Palestine or elsewhere. Orthodox Judaism holds to a Zionism pure and simple, the return of the Jews to Palestine, the coming of the Messias, the overthrow of hostile powers by Him, the restoration of the Temple and its worship, the Messianic reign. The Reformed Jews reject this idea of a return to Zion. The conference of rabbis, at Frankfort-on-the-Main, 15-28 July, 1845, deleted from the ritual all prayers for a return to Zion and a restoration of a Jewish state. The Philadelphia conference, 1869, followed the lead of the German rabbis and decreed that the Messianic hope of Israel is "the union of all the children of God in the confession of the unity of God". The Pittsburg conference, 1885, reiterated this Messianic idea of reformed Judaism.

    The practical carrying out of Zionism by orthodox Jews has until recently been attempted only fitfully and very ineffectually, and often with no return to Zion as an objective. In the middle of the sixteenth century Joseph Nasi tried to gather the Portuguese Jews to an island owned by the Republic of Venice. In the seventeenth century Shabbethai Zebi (1626-1676) announced himself as the Messias and gained over many Jews to his side; among these, the philosopher Baruch Spinoza. Jewish settlements were established in the upper Mississippi region by W.D. Robinson, 1819; near Jerusalem, by the American Consul Warder Cresson, a convert to Judaism, 1850; in Prague, by Steinschneider, 1835; and elsewhere. Sir Moses Montefiore tried to colonize Jews in Palestine (1840). Laurence Oliphant failed in a like attempt to bring to Palestine the Jewish proletariat of Poland, Lithuania, Rumania, and the Turkish Empire (1879 and 1882). The man who gave dignity, form, and permanence to the Zionist movement was Theodor Harzl. In 1896 his "Jüdenstaat" appeared in Vienna. He soon won over such Jewish leaders as Israel Zangwill, Max Nordau, Alexander Marmorek, and others. The ideas of "Jüdenstaat" spread throughout the Jewish world. Six successive Zion congresses were held. By 1899 there were more than 100,000 shekel-payers. The Sultan of Turkey removed the ban whereby Jews had been prevented from staying longer than three months in Palestine. The now flourishing colony of Mikweh Israel was established near Jaffa. All attempts failed to get from the sultan for the Jews in Palestine any kind of corporate political existence, and any form of provincial or municipal autonomy. Harzl died on 3 July, 1904. At the next, the seventh, Zionist congress, Max Nordau was elected president (1905). Since then the movement has gone on and has remained true to the first, or Basle, congress platform of Jewish autonomy in the new Jewish state.

    GOTTHEIL, The Aims of Zionism (New York, 1899); articles by NORDAU in the International Quarterly (1902); by ZANGWILL in Lippincott's Magazine (1899); HERZL, Zionitische Schriften (Berlin, 1905).

    WALTER DRUM

    Transcribed by Michael T. Barrett

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать курсовую

Look at other dictionaries:

Zionists — ZiÂ·onÂ·ist || zaÉªÉ™nÉªst n. one who practices Zionism, one supporting the movement that promotes Jews returning to and rebuilding Israel adj. of Zionism, of the movement that promotes Jews returning to and rebuilding Israel, pertaining to… … English contemporary dictionary
GENERAL ZIONISTS — GENERAL ZIONISTS, Zionist and Israeli party. The General Zionists were originally a loose political group within the Zionist movement, made up of those Zionists who were neither socialists nor religious and who at first did not draw up a program… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
Union of Progressive Zionists — The Union of Progressive Zionists (UPZ) is a North American network of Jewish student activists who have organized around principles of social justice and peace in Israel and Palestine. The UPZ provides guidance, education, and resources to… … Wikipedia
General Zionists — The General Zionists ( he. ציונים כלליים, Tzionim Klalim ) were centrists within the Zionist movement and a political party in Israel. Their political arm is an ancestor of the modern day Likud party.HistoryGeneral Zionism was initially the term… … Wikipedia
Religious Zionists of America — The Religious Zionists of America (Hebrew official name: Mizrachi Hapoel Hamizrachi, also referred to in general terms as Mizrahi) is an American based organization that serves as the official body for those, mostly Modern Orthodox Jews who… … Wikipedia
American Zionists' Federation — Zionist organization located in the United States … English contemporary dictionary
General Zionists — Zionist groups that were not religious or socialist … English contemporary dictionary
Neo-Zionists — American Jewish leaders supporting Israel although not residing there … English contemporary dictionary
ZIONISM — This article is arranged according to the following outline: the word and its meaning forerunners ḤIBBAT ZION ROOTS OF ḤIBBAT ZION background to the emergence of the movement the beginnings of the movement PINSKER S AUTOEMANCIPATION settlement… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
POLITICAL LIFE AND PARTIES — Introduction It was largely due to the existence of the pre state political parties, which had conducted intensive political activities for almost half a century within the framework of the yishuv , under the British Mandate for Palestine, that… … Encyclopedia of Judaism

Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias

Zionists

Look at other dictionaries:

Share the article and excerpts

Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias

Catholic encyclopedia

Zionists

Look at other dictionaries:

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link