Priscianus

Priscianus
Priscianus
Sixth-century Latin grammarian

Catholic Encyclopedia. . 2006.

Priscianus
    Priscianus
     Catholic_Encyclopedia Priscianus
    Latin grammarian, born at Caesarea (Mauretania), taught at Constantinople under Anastatius I (491-518). He delivered the panegyric of the Emperor Anastatius about 512; we possess this work in 312 hexameter verses, preceded by a prologue of 22 iambic senarii. Besides this he composed a "Periegenis" is 1087 hexameters; a translation of the work of the same name written under Hadrian by Dionysius of Alexandria; three works, dedicated to a certain Symmachus (perhaps the consul of 485), on numbers, numeration, and coins, on the metrical character of Latin comedies, on rhetoric according to the "Progymnasmata" at Hermogenes; the "Partitiones XII versuum Aeneidos" (on the versification of the Aeneid); a treatise "De aecentibus"; a compendium on declensions ("Institutio de nomine et pronomine at verbo"). But he is chiefly celebrated for a great work of which the last-named is an extract, the eighteen books of the "Institutiones Grammaticae", the most important grammatical work of antiquity which we possess= Each of these eighteen books has its own special title and subject. The first sixteen, often separately copied ("Priscianus Maior") treat of forms ("De accidentibus"); the last two ("Priscianus Minor") of syntax. They are dedicated to a certain Julianus, consul end patrician. In this preface Priscian declares that he borrows his doctrines from the enormous volumes (spatiosa volumina) of Appollonius Dyscolus and from "the sea" (pleagus) of Herodian. He also cites Juba, Heliodorus, and Hephaestion. Moreover, he follows his sources servilely, as is proved by comparison with the extant fragments of Apollonius. His knowledge of Latin authors is chiefly derived from his predecessor Flavius Caper (end of second century). Priscian lacks judgment and taste, but he is valuable because he has preserved for us the theories of the Greek grammarians, and numerous Latin quotations for which he is our sole authority. the best edition is Hertz in Keil's "Grammatici Latini", II, III (1855-9).
    A copy of Priscian carried to England in the time of Aldhelm (d. 709) was quoted by Bede and Aldhelm, and copied by Rabanus Maurus, who reintroduced Priscian on the Continent. Together with Donatus become the personification of grammar. More a thousand manuscripts of his work exist. His accompanies the allegorical figure of Grammar at Santa Maria Novella, and on the doorway of cathedral of Chartes.
    NOTES
    Teuffel, Gesch. d. lat. Literatur, 481; Jeep, Gesch. d. Lehre v. d. Redeteilen bei d. lat. Grammatiker (Leipzeig, 1893). 89; Idem in Philologus. LXVII (1908,) 12; LXVIII (1909), 1; Sandys, A Hist. of Classical Scholarship, I, 258; Marriage, The Sculptures of Chartes Cathedral (Cambridge, 1909), 30. For the share of the eighth- and ninth-century Irish monks in transmitting the text of Priscian, see Traube, O Roma Nobilis (Munich).
    PAUL LEJAY
    Transcribed by Matt Dean

The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume VIII. — New York: Robert Appleton Company. . 1910.


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  • Priscianus — (griechisch Priskianos) ist ein antiker männlicher Personenname. Bekannte Namensträger sind: Priscian von Caesarea, Grammatiker, 5./6. Jahrhundert Priskianos Lydos (Priscianus Lydus), griechischer Philosoph (Neuplatoniker), 5./6. Jahrhundert… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Priscianus — Priscianus, 1) Theodor, auch Octavius Horatianus, römischer Arzt, um 370 n.Chr., Methodiker; schr.: De morbis. 1. Ausg. von Hermann von Revenar, Strasb. 1532; von Gelenius, Basel 1532; von Bernhold, Ansbach 1791. 2) P. Cäsariensis, aus Cäsarea;… …   Pierer's Universal-Lexikon

  • Prisciānus — Prisciānus, röm. Grammatiker, aus Cäsarea in Mauretanien, lehrte um 500 n. Chr. in Konstantinopel und ist Verfasser der »Institutiones grammaticae« in 18 Büchern, des vollständigsten Lehrgebäudes der lateinischen Grammatik, das uns aus dem… …   Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon

  • Priscianus — Prisciānus, lat. Grammatiker aus Cäsarea in Mauretanien, lehrte im 6. Jahrh. n. Chr. zu Konstantinopel; sein Hauptwerk »Institutiones grammaticae« hg. von Hertz in Keils »Grammatici latini« (Bd. 2 u. 3) …   Kleines Konversations-Lexikon

  • Priscianus — Priscianus, Grammatiker aus Cäsarea, im 6. Jahrh. n. Chr. Lehrer der lat. Sprache in Konstantinopel, verfaßte die »Institutiones grammaticae« und »Commentarii grammatici«, die im Mittelalter allgemein gebraucht wurden (Neue Ausgaben von Krehl,… …   Herders Conversations-Lexikon

  • Priscianus — Priscianus,   Priscian, römischer Grammatiker des 5./6. Jahrhunderts aus Caesarea Mauretaniae (heute Cherchell); lehrte in Konstantinopel; seine Grammatik (»Institutiones grammaticae«), wichtig v. a. durch die Zitate aus nicht überlieferten… …   Universal-Lexikon

  • Priscianus, S. (2) — 2S. Priscianus (16. Sept.), ein Martyrer zu Nocera. In Italien befinden sich zwei bischöfliche Städte d. N., eine im Kirchenstaate, die andere im Napolitanischen; welcher von beiden der hl. Priscianus angehört, ist uns unbekannt. Es ist aber sehr …   Vollständiges Heiligen-Lexikon

  • PRISCIANUS — I. PRISCIANUS Caesariensis, claruit athenis tempore Iusitniani Imperatoris. Scripsit de arte Grammatica, ad Iulianum consulem; ad Chosroen vero Persarum regem lib. de naturalibus quaestionibus. Convertit in Latinum sermonem Dionysii, de situ… …   Hofmann J. Lexicon universale

  • Priscianus, S. (1) — 1S. Priscianus (18. April), ein Martyrer in Afrika. S. S. Victor. (II. 541.) …   Vollständiges Heiligen-Lexikon

  • Priscianus, S. (3) — 3S. Priscianus (Prosiria) (12. Oct.), ein im Mart. Rom. genannter Martyrer. S. S. Evagrius5 …   Vollständiges Heiligen-Lexikon

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